Design optimization is a process in which engineers use mathematical algorithms and computational techniques to improve the design of a product, system, or structure. By considering various parameters, constraints, and objectives, designers can identify the most optimal design configuration that achieves the desired performance while minimizing costs, weight, energy consumption, or other factors. Design optimization is commonly used in engineering disciplines such as mechanical, aerospace, and civil engineering to streamline the design process and enhance the efficiency, reliability, and functionality of products and systems.